Anti-aging effect of DL-β-hydroxybutyrate against hepatic cellular senescence induced by D-galactose or γ-irradiation via autophagic flux stimulation in male rats

The present study aims to shed new light on anti-aging effect of DL-β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) against hepatic cellular senescence induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation. The rats divided into 6 groups. Group 1, control, group 2, exposed to γ-ray (5 GY), group 3, injected by d-galactose (150 mg/kg) daily for consecutive 6 weeks, which regarded to induce the aging, group 4, injected intraperitoneal by β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) (72.8 mg/kg) daily for consecutive 14 days, group 5, exposed to γ-ray then treated with βOHB daily for consecutive 14 days, group 6, injected daily with d-galactose for consecutive 6 weeks, then treated with βOHB daily at the last two weeks of d-galactose. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), Insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were estimated in serum. Moreover, protein expression of Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3-II/LC3-I) ratio, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), pAMPK, mRNA gene expression of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Nucleoporin p62 (p62), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1(P21^CIP1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16^INK4a) and DNA fragmentation percentage were measured in liver tissue as a biomarker of cellular senescence. The results confirmed that βOHB modulated serum level of AST, ALT, insulin, IL-6 and TNF-α, protein expression of mTOR and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, pAMPK and p62 in liver aging model induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation. Histopathological examination results of liver tissue indicated coincidence with those recorded by molecular biochemical inspection. Taken together, these findings suggest that βOHB may be useful in combating hepatic cellular senescence induced by d-galactose or γ-irradiation via autophagy dependent mechanisms.     

MRI图像融合技术在肛瘘评估中的初步应用

目的采用图像融合技术获得T2WI与T2WI-FS的融合图像，评估其在肛瘘及肛周结构显示中的优势。 方法2016年6月至2018年6月，前瞻性选择中山大学附属第一医院29例肛瘘患者进行肛管磁共振（MR）检查，采用图像融合技术获取T2WI与T2WI-FS的融合图像T2WI-Fusion，利用Fisher score算法计算瘘管及肛门括约肌的组织间分辨力Fisher值、脂肪与肛门括约肌间的Fisher值，评估融合图像中瘘管及肛周结构的显示情况。采用改进的双刺激连续质量量表（DSCQS）对T2WI-FS、T2WI、增强3D-VIBE和T2WI-Fusion序列图像进行主观图像质量评价。 结果29例患者均成功获得T2WI与T2WI-FS的融合图像T2WI-Fusion。T2WI-Fusion、T2WI瘘管与括约肌间Fisher均值分别为6.46、3.31，T2WI-Fusion图像对瘘管的显示优于T2WI序列图像（P<0.001）。T2WI-Fusion、T2WI-FS脂肪与括约肌间Fisher均值分别为10.61、2.45，T2WI-Fusion图像对括约肌的显示优于T2WI-FS序列图像（P<0.001）。T2WI-Fusion对瘘管与括约肌的图像质量评价总评分均高于T2WI-FS、T2WI、增强3D-VIBE序列（P<0.001）。 结论MRI图像融合技术同时具备T2WI及T2WI-FS的优势，无需增加扫描序列及扫描时间，且操作简单，花费时间短，显著提高病变及肛周解剖结构的对比度和图像质量。     

早期皮肤接触对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响:前瞻性随机对照试验

目的探讨母婴早期皮肤接触(skin-to-skin contact,SSC)对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响。方法前瞻性选取2017年8月1日至12月31日在深圳市南山区妇幼保健院行择期足月剖宫产的产妇221例,随机分为早接触组和对照组。对照组产后常规护理;早接触组实施母婴早期SSC,即新生儿娩出后1 h内赤裸全身俯卧于母亲裸露的乳房之间,持续1~2 h。观察指标包括:(1)泌乳启动时间以及首次母乳喂养测量工具评分;(2)产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率、母乳喂养自我效能量表评分和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分。采用两独立样本t检验、χ2检验和二分类logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果最终210例产妇纳入分析,早接触组和对照组各105例。42 d随访时早接触组失访20例,对照组失访17例。与对照组比较,早接触组首次母乳喂养成功率[77.1%(81/105)与59.1%(62/105),χ2=7.913]、首次母乳喂养测量工具评分[(9.5±1.7)与(8.6±1.4)分,t=4.115]、泌乳启动时间≤24 h的比例[41.0%(43/105)与12.4%(13/105),χ2=23.205]、产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率[36.2%(38/105)与22.9%(24/105);76.5%(65/85)与60.2%(63/88);χ2值分别为4.486和5.261]以及产后72 h和42 d母乳喂养自我效能量表评分[(117.5±12.0)与(111.8±22.3)分;(124.3±11.6)与(113.1±19.0)分;t值分别为2.100和4.710]均提高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。但早接触组产后72 h和42 d的爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分与对照组差异无统计学意义[(5.4±3.5)与(5.9±4.0)分,t=0.937,P=0.350;(7.0±3.7)与(8.1±4.0)分,t=0.905,P=0.058]。二分类logistic回归分析显示,早期SSC是产后42 d纯母乳喂养成功的保护因素(OR=2.359,95%CI:1.173~4.743,P=0.016)。结论早期SSC可以提高剖宫产产妇母乳喂养自信心,促进泌乳启动,提高首次母乳喂养的成功率和产褥期纯母乳喂养率,是一种值得推广的临床实践。     

An evaluation of wayfinding abilities in adolescent and young adult males with autism spectrum disorder

BackgroundWayfinding refers to traveling from place to place in the environment. Despite some research headway, it remains unclear whether individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show strengths, weaknesses, or similarities in wayfinding compared with ability-matched typically developing (TD) controls.MethodThe current study tested 24 individuals with ASD, 24 mental-ability (MA) matched TD (MA-TD) controls, and 24 chronological-age (CA) matched TD (CA-TD) controls. Participants completed a route learning task and a survey learning task, both programmed in virtual environments, and a perspective taking task. Their parents completed questionnaires assessing their children’s everyday wayfinding activities and competence.ResultsOverall, CA-TD controls performed better than both the ASD group and the MA-TD group in both wayfinding tasks and the perspective taking task. Individuals with ASD performed similarly to the MA- TD controls on wayfinding performance except for backtracking routes. Perspective taking presented an area of deficit for people with ASD and it predicted individual differences in route learning and survey learning. Parents’ reports did not predict their children’s wayfinding performance. Two mini meta-analyses, including previous studies and the current study, showed a significant deficit in route learning, but not in survey learning for the ASD group relative to MA-TD controls.ConclusionsAlthough participants with ASD showed impairments in wayfinding relative to CA-TD controls, the impairment is not specific to their ASD, but rather due to their mental age. Nevertheless, route reversal in route learning may present unique difficulty for people with ASD beyond the effects of mental age.     

The causes and management of hip instability: An algorithmic approach

Instability or dislocation after total hip arthroplasty continues to be one of the most prevalent complications and modes of failure of this largely successful operation. The purpose of this article is to describe a systematic algorithm for evaluation and treatment of the unstable total hip arthroplasty as well as review current literature and controversies surrounding the dislocating total hip arthroplasty.     

局部肾切除术和根治性肿瘤切除术对T1b期肾癌患者生存质量及5年生存率的影响

目的探讨采用局部肾切除术和根治性肿瘤切除术治疗T_1b期肾癌患者,对其生存质量及5年生存率的影响。方法回顾性调查统计2011年1月至2014年8月收治的70例T_1b期肾癌患者的临床资料,按照手术方法的不同分为两组,采用局部肾切除术的患者30例为PN组,采用根治性肿瘤切除术治疗的患者40例为RN组。观察对比两组患者的术后生存质量和5年生存率。结果 PN组手术时间较RN组显著延长（P<0.01）,术中出血量、术后24 h肌酐水平和术后住院时间均较RN组显著减少（P<0.05或P<0.01）;PN组各项功能领域生存质量评分均较RN组显著升高（P均<0.01）,前者术后并发症发生率（6.67%）较后者（10.00%）稍低,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;PN组术后1、2、3和5年的生存率较RN组稍低,但差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论采用局部肾切除术治疗T_1b期肾癌,患者术后恢复迅速,并发症少,且生存质量显著改善,远期生存率与根治性肿瘤切除术相近。     

2009－2015年深圳市不同来源样本中金黄色葡萄球菌毒力耐药特征及分子分型研究

目的 研究2009－2015年深圳市不同来源样本中金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)携带毒力、耐药基因、耐药表型情况和分子型别研究。 方法 2009－2015年期间,86株SA分离自医院病人、医院环境涂抹样、食物中毒等样品。PCR方法检测毒力基因、耐药基因以及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的SCCmec基因型,进行蛋白A基因多态性(single locus DNA-sequencing of the repeat region of the Staphylococcus protein A gene,Spa)以及多位点序列分型(multilocus sequencing typing,MLST)研究。按照美国临床和实验室标准协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute,CLSI)方法,对抗菌药物进行药敏试验。 结果 检出21种毒力基因,55株(64.0%)携带mecA基因。SCCmec分型结果,Ⅲ型为优势型别(60.0%,33/55)。86株SA分为24种Spa型,MRSA菌株Spa优势型别为t030与t437,甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌菌株(methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus,MSSA)的优势型别为t091与t127。86株SA分为23种 MLST型,形成3个克隆复合体CC239(27.9%)、CCnew3(27.9%)与CC188(11.6%)。 结论 优势型别为ST239(Spa-t030)、STnew3(Spa-t437)具有多药耐药的特征,且携带多种毒力基因。MRSA流行株、非流行株与MSSA在携带毒力与耐药基因之间均存在差异。需要加强监测SA中的优势型别及MRSA菌株.关注其耐药的动态变化。     

甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌对喹红霉素敏感性分析及其分子分型特点

目的了解酮内酯类抗生素喹红霉素对临床分离甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)的体外药物敏感性,以及MSSA不同分子分型型别与喹红霉素最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值的关系。方法收集深圳市南山医院2011—2015年不同临床标本分离的MSSA118株,用微量肉汤稀释法及K-B纸片法测定MSSA菌株对喹红霉素及其他9种临床常用抗金黄色葡萄球菌药物的MIC值。采用多位点序列分型(MLST)技术将其分为不同基因型,观察MSSA型别与喹红霉素对MSSA MIC值的关系。结果 MSSA对常用抗革兰阳性菌药物利奈唑胺、万古霉素、呋喃妥因、替考拉宁及阿莫西林/克拉维酸均敏感;对喹红霉素中介2株,耐药21株,耐药率19.5%,对红霉素耐药率则高达60.2%。该院MSSA分为32个ST型,20株属于新的ST型,前三的ST型分别为:ST7型15株(12.7%),ST188型12株(10.2%),ST59型12株(10.2%)。结论 MSSA对大环内酯类抗生素耐药形势严峻,喹红霉素较红霉素对MSSA更为强效。ST7、ST188、ST59和ST398是该院临床分离MSSA的主要MLST型别。